Harvard (Cite Them Right) 12th Edition Citation Style: Detailed Guide

Introduction

Harvard (Cite Them Right) style is a widely used author-date referencing system, particularly common in the UK and Australia across various disciplines. The Cite Them Right guide, now in its 12th edition, provides comprehensive instructions for citing a broad range of sources. This document offers a concise overview of Harvard (Cite Them Right) 12th Edition formatting, aiming to provide a quick reference for its key details.

In-text Citations and Full References

Harvard (Cite Them Right) referencing consists of two main elements:

• In-text citations: These are inserted within the body of your text and typically include the author(s) and publication date of the source. If a direct quotation or specific paraphrase is used, a page number is also included. If no publication date is available, ‘no date’ is used.
• Full references: These are provided in a reference list at the end of your work, arranged alphabetically by author. Full references provide complete bibliographical information for all sources cited in the text.

Difference between Reference List and Bibliography

• A reference list includes only sources that have been directly referred to in the body of your text.
• A bibliography includes sources referred to in the text, as well as sources that were part of your background reading but not directly cited.

Examples of In-text Citations

In-text citations are required whenever you quote, summarize, or paraphrase from a source. They typically consist of the author’s last name, the year of publication, and a page number if relevant.

• One Author: (Harris, 2015) or Harris (2015) argues that…
• Two Authors: (Shah and Papadopoulos, 2015) or Shah and Papadopoulos (2015) emphasized that…
• Three Authors: (Wong, Smith and Adebole, 2015) or Wong, Smith and Adebole (2015) emphasized that…
• Four or More Authors: (Wong et al., 2015) or Wong et al. (2015) emphasized that…
• Corporate Authors: Use the name of the corporate body. For longer names, use the full name the first time, then an abbreviation (e.g., (The Open University (OU), 2024) then (OU, 2024)).
• No Named Author: Use the title of the resource in italics instead of the author (e.g., (Information Literacy in Higher Education, 2015)).
• Secondary Referencing: Use ‘quoted in’ or ‘cited in’ to refer to a source mentioned in another work you are reading (e.g., West et al. (2007, quoted in Birch, 2017, p. 17)). Only the source you have read (Birch) is included in the full reference list.

Page Numbers

Include page numbers for direct quotations, paraphrases, or ideas from a specific page or set of pages. Use ‘p.’ for a single page and ‘pp.’ for multiple pages.

Examples: (Harris, 2015, p. 5) or (Toker et al., 2020, pp. 585–586).

Citing Multiple Sources Published in the Same Year by the Same Author

Add a lowercase letter to the date in both the in-text citation and the full reference to distinguish between the sources (e.g., (The Open University, 2022a)).

Full Reference Examples

Full references are listed alphabetically in the reference list.

Books

Basic Format:

Author, A. A. (Year) Title of work. Edition (if not the first). Place of publication: Publisher.

Example:

Cottrell, S. (2013) The study skills handbook. 4th ed. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.

Ebook:

Author, A. A. (Year) Title of work. Edition (if not the first). Available at: URL (Accessed: Date).

Example:

Moon, J. (2013) Reflection in learning and professional development: theory and practice. Available at: https://www.dawsonera.com/abstract/9780203810020 (Accessed: 24 February 2014).

Chapter in an Edited Book:

Chapter author, A. A. (Year) ‘Title of chapter’, in Editor, E. E. (ed.) Title of book. Place of publication: Publisher, page numbers.

Example:

Pollard, A. (2008) ‘An introduction to professional studies’, in Arthur, J. and Cremin, T. (eds.) Learning to teach in the primary school. 2nd ed. Abingdon: Routledge, pp. 3-15.

Journal Articles

Basic Format:

Author, A. A. (Year) ‘Title of article’, Title of Journal, Volume(Issue), page numbers.

Example:

Boughton, J.M. (2009) ‘The World Bank and the global fight against poverty, 1944–2004’, History of Political Economy, 41(Suppl 1), pp. 1–36.

Online Journal Article (with DOI):

Author, A. A. (Year) ‘Title of article’, Title of Journal, Volume(Issue), page numbers. doi:DOI number.

Example:

Kaufman, J. (2018) ‘The digital transformation of healthcare’, Journal of Medical Internet Research, 20(5), pp. e10123. doi:10.2196/10123.

Online Journal Article (without DOI):

Author, A. A. (Year) ‘Title of article’, Title of Journal, Volume(Issue), page numbers. Available at: URL (Accessed: Date).

Example:

Smith, J. (2020) ‘The impact of social media on mental health’, Psychology Today, 15(3), pp. 45-60. Available at: https://www.psychologytoday.com/articles/202003/the-impact-social-media-mental-health (Accessed: 10 October 2023).

Webpages and Websites

Basic Format:

Author, A. A. (Year) Title of page. Available at: URL (Accessed: Date).

Example:

NHS (2023) Mental health services. Available at: https://www.nhs.uk/mental-health/services/ (Accessed: 15 November 2023).

Webpage with No Author:

Title of page (Year) Available at: URL (Accessed: Date).

Example:

About us (n.d.) Available at: https://www.example.com/about (Accessed: 1 January 2024).

Other Common Source Types

Newspaper Articles:

Author, A. A. (Year) ‘Title of article’, Title of Newspaper, Day Month, page numbers or Available at: URL (Accessed: Date).

Example:

Jones, S. (2023) ‘New policy announced’, The Guardian, 20 August, p. 5. Available at: https://www.theguardian.com/new-policy (Accessed: 21 August 2023).

Magazine Articles:

Author, A. A. (Year) ‘Title of article’, Title of Magazine, Day Month, page numbers.

Example:

Brown, L. (2022) ‘The future of technology’, Wired, 15 July, pp. 30-35.

Conference Papers:

Author, A. A. (Year) ‘Title of paper’, in Editor, E. E. (ed.) Title of conference proceedings. Place of publication: Publisher, page numbers.

Example:

White, P. (2019) ‘Sustainable urban development’, in Green, A. (ed.) Proceedings of the International Conference on Urban Planning. London: City Press, pp. 100-110.

Theses/Dissertations:

Author, A. A. (Year) Title of thesis. Level of thesis, Name of institution.

Example:

Davis, M. (2018) The impact of climate change on coastal ecosystems. PhD thesis, University of Cambridge.

Reports:

Author, A. A. (Year) Title of report. Place of publication: Publisher.

Example:

World Health Organization (2023) Global health report. Geneva: WHO.

Images/Figures:

Artist/Creator, A. A. (Year) Title of image [Type of work]. Available at: URL (Accessed: Date).

Example:

Van Gogh, V. (1889) The Starry Night [Painting]. Available at: https://www.moma.org/collection/works/80197 (Accessed: 1 March 2024).

Videos (e.g., YouTube):

Uploader, A. A. (Year) Title of video. Available at: URL (Accessed: Date).

Example:

TED (2019) How to live a good life. Available at: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=example (Accessed: 10 April 2024).

This guide provides a concise overview of Harvard (Cite Them Right) 12th Edition citation style. For more detailed information and specific examples, always consult the official Cite Them Right handbook or online database.